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IPR002680 is a Alternative oxidase.
<p>The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms [[cite:PUB00073500], [cite:PUB00073501]]. Proteins homologous to the mitochondrial oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes [[cite:PUB00073503], [cite:PUB00073504]]. The oxidase provides an alternative route for electrons passing through the electron transport chain to reduce oxygen. However, as several proton-pumping steps are bypassed in this alternative pathway, activation of the oxidase reduces ATP generation. This enzyme was first identified as a distinct oxidase pathway from cytochrome c oxidase as the alternative oxidase is resistant to inhibition by the poison cyanide [[cite:PUB00073502]].</p> <p>The alternative oxidase (also known as ubiquinol oxidase) is used as a second terminal oxidase in the mitochondria, electrons are transferred directly from reduced ubiquinol to oxygen forming water [[cite:PUB00001938]]. This is not coupled to ATP synthesis and is not inhibited by cyanide, this pathway is a single step process [[cite:PUB00001878]]. In Oryza sativa (rice) the transcript levels of the alternative oxidase are increased by low temperature [[cite:PUB00001878]]. It has been predicted to contain a coupled diiron centre on the basis of a conserved sequence motif consisting of the proposed iron ligands, four Glu and two His residues [[cite:PUB00009825]]. The EPR study of Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress) alternative oxidase AOX1a shows that the enzyme contains a hydroxo-bridged mixed-valent Fe(II)/Fe(III) binuclear iron centre [[cite:PUB00009826]]. A catalytic cycle has been proposed that involves a di-iron centre and at least one transient protein-derived radical, most probably an invariant Tyr residue [[cite:PUB00009827]].</p>
This description is obtained from EB-eye REST.
GO predictions are based solely on the InterPro-to-GO mappings published by EMBL-EBI, which are in turn based on the mapping of predicted domains to the InterPro dataset. The InterPro-to-GO mapping was last updated on , while the GO metadata was last updated on .
| GO term | Namespace | Name | Definition | Relationships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular function | Alternative oxidase activity | Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product. | ||
| Biological process | Oxidation-reduction process | A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons. |
| Transcript | Name | Description | Predicted domains | Domain count |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | PREDICTED: ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial-like [Cicer arietinum] gi|502162039|ref|XP_004512369.1| | 13 | ||
| – | PREDICTED: ubiquinol oxidase 2, mitochondrial-like isoform X2 [Cicer arietinum] gi|502142111|ref|XP_004504796.1| | 11 | ||
| – | Alternative oxidase 3, mitochondrial [Glycine max] gi|351728013|ref|NP_001238460.1| | 10 | ||
| – | Alternative oxidase [Medicago truncatula] gi|357490753|ref|XP_003615664.1| | 8 | ||
| – | Alternative oxidase [Medicago truncatula] gi|357447777|ref|XP_003594164.1| | 8 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT3G22370.1 alternative oxidase 1A; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q07185|AOX1_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1JVV5|I1JVV5_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi2g1v0344500 | 15 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT3G22370.1 alternative oxidase 1A; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q07185|AOX1_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1JVV5|I1JVV5_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi2g1v0344500 | 15 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT3G22370.1 alternative oxidase 1A; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q07185|AOX1_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1JVV5|I1JVV5_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi2g1v0344500 | 15 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT3G22370.1 alternative oxidase 1A; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q07185|AOX1_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1JVV5|I1JVV5_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi2g1v0344500 | 15 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT5G64210.1 alternative oxidase 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q41266|AOX2_SOYBN Ubiquinol oxidase 2, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|S5FDW5|S5FDW5_MEDSA Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi4g1v0034900 | 13 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT5G64210.1 alternative oxidase 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|O03376|AOX3_SOYBN Alternative oxidase 3, mitochondrial; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I3SEI0|I3SEI0_LOTJA Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi4g1v0035000 | 12 | ||
| – | Ubiquinol oxidase; TAIR: AT4G22260.1 Alternative oxidase family protein; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56X52|AOX4_ARATH Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|Q2HTI6|Q2HTI6_MEDTR Ubiquinol oxidase; Found in the gene: LotjaGi6g1v0288900 | 10 |
A list of co-occurring predicted domains within the L. japonicus gene space:
| Predicted domain | Source | Observations | Saturation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| cd01053 | CDD | 1 | 8.33 |