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IPR004709 is a Na+/H+ exchanger.
<p>Sodium proton exchangers (NHEs) constitute a large family of integral membrane protein transporters that are responsible for the counter-transport of protons and sodium ions across lipid bilayers [[cite:PUB00044828], [cite:PUB00044829]]. These proteins are found in organisms across all domains of life. In archaea, bacteria, yeast and plants, these exchangers provide increased salt tolerance by removing sodium in exchanger for extracellular protons. In mammals they participate in the regulation of cell pH, volume, and intracellular sodium concentration, as well as for the reabsorption of NaCl across renal, intestinal, and other epithelia [[cite:PUB00044830], [cite:PUB00044831], [cite:PUB00044832], [cite:PUB00044833]]. Human NHE is also involved in heart disease, cell growth and in cell differentiation [[cite:PUB00044834]]. The removal of intracellular protons in exchange for extracellular sodium effectively eliminates excess acid from actively metabolising cells. In mammalian cells, NHE activity is found in both the plasma membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane. To date, nine mammalian isoforms have been identified (designated NHE1-NHE9) [[cite:PUB00002996], [cite:PUB00003039]]. These exchangers are highly-regulated (glyco)phosphoproteins, which, based on their primary structure, appear to contain 10-12 membrane-spanning regions (M) at the N terminus and a large cytoplasmic region at the C terminus. The transmembrane regions M3-M12 share identity with other members of the family. The M6 and M7 regions are highly conserved. Thus, this is thought to be the region that is involved in the transport of sodium and hydrogen ions. The cytoplasmic region has little similarity throughout the family. There is some evidence that the exchangers may exist in the cell membrane as homodimers, but little is currently known about the mechanism of their antiport [[cite:PUB00001715]].</p>
This description is obtained from EB-eye REST.
GO predictions are based solely on the InterPro-to-GO mappings published by EMBL-EBI, which are in turn based on the mapping of predicted domains to the InterPro dataset. The InterPro-to-GO mapping was last updated on , while the GO metadata was last updated on .
| GO term | Namespace | Name | Definition | Relationships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological process | Sodium ion transport | The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. | ||
| Biological process | Regulation of pH | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell. | ||
| Molecular function | Sodium:proton antiporter activity | Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). | ||
| Cellular component | Integral component of membrane | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. | ||
| Biological process | Transmembrane transport | The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. |
| Transcript | Name | Description | Predicted domains | Domain count |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | PREDICTED: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6-like [Cicer arietinum] gi|502079921|ref|XP_004486408.1| | 13 | ||
| – | PREDICTED: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2-like [Glycine max] gi|356564575|ref|XP_003550527.1| | 13 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT3G05030.1 sodium hydrogen exchanger 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56XP4|NHX2_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1JRJ0|I1JRJ0_SOYBN Uncharacterized protein; Found in the gene: LotjaGi1g1v0777200 | 15 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT3G05030.1 sodium hydrogen exchanger 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56XP4|NHX2_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|A0A1J7HZV2|A0A1J7HZV2_LUPAN Uncharacterized protein; Found in the gene: LotjaGi4g1v0346500 | 16 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT3G05030.1 sodium hydrogen exchanger 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56XP4|NHX2_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|A0A1J7HZV2|A0A1J7HZV2_LUPAN Uncharacterized protein; Found in the gene: LotjaGi4g1v0346500 | 15 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT3G05030.1 sodium hydrogen exchanger 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56XP4|NHX2_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|B3VBF0|B3VBF0_9FABA Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi5g1v0216900 | 14 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT3G05030.1 sodium hydrogen exchanger 2; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q56XP4|NHX2_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|B3VBF0|B3VBF0_9FABA Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi5g1v0216900 | 14 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT5G55470.1 Na+/H+ (sodium hydrogen) exchanger 3; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q8S397|NHX4_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 4; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|G7J1F4|G7J1F4_MEDTR Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi6g1v0151400 | 18 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT1G79610.1 Na+/H+ antiporter 6; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q8RWU6|NHX6_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1MFX0|I1MFX0_SOYBN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi6g1v0278200 | 13 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT1G79610.1 Na+/H+ antiporter 6; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q8RWU6|NHX6_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1MFX0|I1MFX0_SOYBN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi6g1v0278200 | 12 | ||
| – | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; TAIR: AT1G79610.1 Na+/H+ antiporter 6; Swiss-Prot: sp|Q8RWU6|NHX6_ARATH Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6; TrEMBL-Plants: tr|I1MFX0|I1MFX0_SOYBN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Found in the gene: LotjaGi6g1v0278200 | 16 |
A list of co-occurring predicted domains within the L. japonicus gene space:
| Predicted domain | Source | Observations | Saturation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRANSMEMBRANE | Phobius | 1 | 9.09 |