Description

IPR035897 is a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain superfamily.

<p>Toll proteins or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily are both involved in innate antibacterial and antifungal immunity in insects as well as in mammals. These receptors share a conserved cytoplasmic domain of approximately 200 amino acids, known as the Toll/IL-1R homologous region (TIR). The similarity between TLRs and IL-1Rs is not restricted to sequence homology since these proteins also share a similar signalling pathway. They both induce the activation of a Rel type transcription factor via an adaptor protein and a protein kinase [[cite:PUB00018119]]. Interestingly, MyD88, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein found in mammals, contains a TIR domain associated to a DEATH domain [[cite:PUB00005989], [cite:PUB00005990], [cite:PUB00005991]]. Besides the mammalian and Drosophila proteins, a TIR domain is also found in a number of plant cytoplasmic proteins implicated in host defense [[cite:PUB00005992]].</p> <p>Site directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis have shown that the TIR domain is essential for Toll and IL-1R activities. Sequence analysis have revealed the presence of three highly conserved regions among the different members of the family: box 1 (FDAFISY), box 2 (GYKLC-RD-PG), and box 3 (a conserved W surrounded by basic residues). It has been proposed that boxes 1 and 2 are involved in the binding of proteins involved in signalling, whereas box 3 is primarily involved in directing localization of receptor, perhaps through interactions with cytoskeletal element [[cite:PUB00005993]].</p> <p>Resolution of the crystal structures of the TIR domains of human Toll-like receptors 1 and 2 has shown that they contain a central five-stranded parallel β-sheet that is surrounded by a total of five helices on both sides, with connecting loop structures [[cite:PUB00018121]]. The loop regions appear to play an important role in mediating the specificity of protein-protein interactions [[cite:PUB00097510], [cite:PUB00097509]].</p>

This description is obtained from EB-eye REST.

Associated GO terms

Unable to find any GO terms for the transcript with the identifier.

Associated Lotus transcripts 270